降州鼓樂(Jiangzhou Drum Music)
絳州鼓樂產生于歷史文化名城新絳縣。新絳位于山西西南，運城北部，呂梁山南端，為晉、陜、豫三省區交匯之地，歷來在政治、文化、經濟方面居于重要地位。據傳絳州鼓樂源于先秦，盛于明清。據直隸《絳州志》載：“歲時社稷，夏冬雨季，又鄉鎮多香火，扮社鼓演劇?！薄缎陆{縣志》也曰：“每逢賽社之期，必演劇數日，扮演各種故事，如鑼鼓等等?！?/span>
絳州鼓樂素有“地動山搖”、“聞聲十里”之譽。
花敲鼓在絳州鼓樂中最具代表性。它所使用的樂器是多面形制不同的鼓。現有十幾種敲奏技法，即擊鼓邊、敲鼓邊、墨鼓釘、蹭鼓面、打鼓幫、抽鼓皮、磕鼓環、碰鼓架、單槌滾、雙槌擂、槌相搓、槌相擊、槌相打、捶相挑。這些技法構成絳州鼓樂獨特的地方色彩，這種地方色彩與其獨特的藝術風格緊密相連。民間將絳州鼓樂分三路，各路各有常用曲目，南路有《嘰呱啦》、《啦呱嘰》、《扎咚呱》等，中路有《釘缸》、《麻雀踩蛋》等，北路有《牛斗虎》、《鳳凰單展翅》、《獅子撩繡球》等。
絳州鼓樂歷史悠久，深受當地人民喜愛，具有一定的社會歷史價值和藝術價值。
Jiangzhou Drum Music originated in Xinjiang County, a famous
historical and cultural city. Xinjiang is located in the southwest of Shanxi,
the north of Yuncheng and the southern end of Luliang Mountain. It is the
intersection of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and has always occupied an
important position in politics, culture and economy. It is said that Jiangzhou
drum music originated in the pre-Qin period and flourished in the Ming and Qing
dynasties.
“Hua qiao” drumming is the most representative of Jiangzhou drum music. The musical instruments it uses are many kinds of drums with different shapes. At present, there are more than a dozen percussion techniques, namely, beating the edge of the drum, scraping the nail of the drum, rubbing the drum surface, beating the drum, pulling the drum skin, knocking the drum ring, touching the drum frame, single-mallet rolling, double-mallet rolling, mallet rubbing, mallet beating, mallet beating and beating. These techniques constitute the unique local characteristics of Jiangzhou drum music, which is closely linked with its unique artistic style. Jiangzhou folk drum music is divided into three ways, each with its own common repertoire.
《滾核桃》（Rolling Walnut）
《滾核桃》是山西絳州鼓樂代表作之一，有多面堂鼓演奏。
樂曲表現了秋天，農民把采摘的核桃集中裝袋暈倒房頂上晾曬。核桃晾干后，紛紛從房頂滾落到地上的情景。
演奏家利用敲擊鼓心、鼓梆等部位發出不同的聲音，還運用了悶奏、滾奏等技法表現核桃滾落。
樂曲表現了農民豐收時歡快、喜悅的心情
Rolling Walnut is one of the representative works of Jiangzhou drum
music in Shanxi Province, and there are many different kinds of drum
performances.
The music shows that in autumn, farmers put the picked walnuts in
bags and fainted to dry on the roof. After the walnuts are dried, they tumble
from the roof to the ground.
Performers make different sounds by tapping the drum core, drum bang
and other parts, and also use techniques such as muffled playing and rolling
playing to show walnut rolling.
The music shows the farmers' cheerful and joyful mood when they have a good harvest.
《拉瓜》（lagua）
“拉呱”源自山西方言，就是老百姓聊天的意思，也是老百姓居家生活的重要組成部分。勞作之余，幾家人聚在一起，男女老少開始拉家常。四組饒有興致的板鼓圍坐演奏，用民族打擊樂——板鼓，大膽地運用了地方戲的板鼓語匯，以四重奏形式，采取鑼鼓樂的套曲結構，極其生動地表現了勞動人民閑聊家常的溫馨情景和幽默語氣，
"Lagua" originated from Shanxi dialect, which means people chatting, and it is also an important part of people's life at home. After work, several families get together, and men, women, and children start to talk about their families. Four groups of interesting bangu sit around and play, using the national percussion music-bangu, boldly using the bangu vocabulary of local operas. In the form of quartets, they adopt the divertimento structure of gongs and drums, which vividly shows the warm scene and humorous tone of the working people chatting at home.
《牛斗虎》（Ox fighting tiger）
在中國傳統文化中，音樂與舞蹈是密不可分的，這種音舞結合在傳統打擊樂方面非常突出。從商周時代起，我國已擁有較豐富的鼓舞形式。經典的絳州鼓樂《牛斗虎》就是一部把鼓樂、舞蹈、武術結合在一起的作品。
《牛斗虎》由兩面中國大鼓，一面代表牛，一面代表虎，分別表現牛的倔強、虎的威猛，再現了一場壯觀激烈的牛斗虎的場面。
《牛斗虎》對于打擊樂演奏者的要求很不一般，需要把打擊樂演奏、舞蹈和武術結合起來。在曲譜里面就標記了常用動作的圖示標記。樂曲分為埋伏、相遇、相斗三個場景，牛和虎分別由不同演奏家來扮演。
In the traditional culture of China, music and dance are
inseparable, and this combination of music and dance is very prominent in
traditional percussion. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China has had
abundant forms of encouragement. The classic Jiangzhou drum music Oxfight Tiger
is a work that combines drum music, dance and martial arts.
"Oxfight Tiger" consists of two China drums, one
representing the cow and the other representing the tiger, which show the
stubbornness of the cow and the ferocity of the tiger, respectively, and
reproduces a spectacular and fierce scene of Oxfight Tiger.
"Ox Fighting Tiger" has unusual requirements for percussion players. It needs to combine percussion performance, dance and martial arts. Graphical marks of common actions are marked in the music score. The music is divided into three scenes: ambush, meeting and fighting. The ox and the tiger are played by different performers.
《秦王點兵》（Qin Wang Dianbing）
《秦王點兵》是絳州鼓樂。20世紀80年代的新作。在原《秦王破陣樂》的基礎上，攝取了《汾南車鼓》、《花敲鼓》、《老虎磕牙》等鼓種曲牌成分，成此杰作。
它融匯了歷史和當今、群眾和專家、業余和專業的藝術結晶，是社會主義時代的新鼓樂，它兩次轟動京華， 震撼巴黎，是黃河文化的驕傲，是中華文化的驕傲。
《秦王點兵》全曲包括引子、鼓邊段、鼓心段、鑼鼓段、華彩段、尾聲段六部份，緊慢張弛結構得當，樂曲相當完整，它將民間套曲的特點與現代曲式結構相融合，使民間鑼鼓樂躍上了一個新臺階。
樂曲以出兵為主題，從元帥升帳開始，直到官兵進入，列隊布陣，點兵習武，準備出征結束。
樂器分高低兩個聲部，高音有校鼓、卒鼓、小件銅器；低音有帥鼓、將鼓、大件銅器。演奏中根據主題要求，分別采用不同的演奏手段，有獨奏、對奏、合奏、干敲、花打、混擊，慢速、中速、快速；四拍、三拍、二拍。
引子里的號角長音把人帶進古戰場陣地；鼓邊采用了擊鼓邊、鼓邦、鼓環、鼓釘，并與夾板對奏、合奏，新穎多彩。華彩段則吸收西洋協奏曲中的華彩手法，別開生面，映照出將士們臨戰前的樂觀心理。
Qin Wang Dian Bing
is Jiangzhou drum music. New works of the 1980s. On the basis of the original
"Qin Wang Po Zhen Yue ", the composition of drum types and tunes such
as Fennanche Drum, Flower Beating Drum and Tiger Biting Teeth was absorbed,
which became this masterpiece.
It combines
history with today's, mass and expert, amateur and professional artistic
crystallization, and is a new drum music in the socialist era. It has twice
sensationalized Beijing and shocked Paris, and is the pride of the Yellow River
culture and the pride of Chinese culture.
The whole song of
"Qin Wang Dian Bing" includes six parts: introduction, drum edge
section, drum heart section, gongs and drums section, colorful section and
ending section. The tight and slow relaxation structure is appropriate, and the
music is quite complete. It combines the characteristics of folk divertimento
with modern musical form structure, and makes the folk gongs and drums music
leap to a new level. With the theme of sending troops, the music begins with
the marshal's account raising, until the officers and men enter, line up, order
soldiers to practice martial arts, and prepare for the end of the expedition.
The musical instrument is divided into two parts, high and low, and the high notes include school drums, pawn drums and small pieces of bronze ware. There are bass drums, tambourines, and large bronze wares. According to the theme requirements, different playing methods are adopted, including solo, duet, ensemble, dry percussion, flower percussion, mixed percussion, slow, medium and fast; Four, three, two. The long sound of the horn in the introduction brings people into the ancient battlefield position; Drums are made of drums, drums, drums, drums and nails, and they are played and ensemble with splints, which are novel and colorful. The cadenza absorbs the cadenza in the Western Concerto, which is unique and reflects the optimism of the soldiers before the war.
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